Abstract：Objective To study clinical outcomes of anterior fusion with internal fixation for trau-matic spondylolisthesis of the axis (Hangman's fracture). Methods From June 2004 to December 2008, 20 patients with traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis were treated operatively. They were 14 males and 6 females, aged from 35 to 62 years, with an average of 49.2 years. According to the classification system designed by Levine and Edwards, the radiological manifestations revealed type Ⅱ in 10 cases, type ⅡA in 7 cases and type Ⅲ in 3 cases. All cases achieved anatomic reduction by skull traction before operation. Fourteen cases underwent anterior C2-3 discectomy followed by insertion of a bone spacer for fusion and an-terior plating. Six cases underwent anterior C3 subtotal vertebrectomy, strut graft insertion, and anterior plating. The sensation and motion of the patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively according to ASIA scoring system. Results of X-ray, CT and MRI examinations were also measured and compared pre-and post-operatively. Results The average follow-up time was 25.6 (7 to 51) months. All bone grafts ac-quired stable fusion in 6 months, the neurological functions were restored satisfactorily, and no plates or screws broke or loosened. Conclusion Anterior fusion and the internal fixation is a good alternative method for treatment of instable Hangman's fracture, because it has advantages of complete decompression, a high rate of successful bony fusion and early ambulation.