侯树勋       　李振宙

   With the development and evolution of percutaneous lumbar endoscopic techniques in recent 2 decades, more and more lumbar spine disorder can be solved with minimally invasive spine surgery, especially in lumbar disc herniation and chronic low back pain. A series of percutaneous endoscopic discectomy techinques have been established for different sorts of lumbar disc herniation, including YESS technique, far lateral approach transforaminal endoscopic discectomy, TESSYS technique, percutaneous foraminoplasty, interlaminar approach percutaneous endoscopic discectomy, interlaminar full endoscopic discectomy, etc. As to chronic low back pain, postolateral transforaminal endoscopic selective discectomy, thermal annuloplasty and dorsal endoscopic rhizotomy are developed to treat discogenic low back pain and lumbar zygopophyseal joint pain respectively. Although above-mentioned techniques need further evolution, rational application of these techniques can benefit most of the patients with lumbar disc herniation and chronic low back pain.