Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy ( PELD ) technique provides high-quality images and clear spine anatomical structure to help surgeons analyze the pathological reason of pain in patients. For minimally invasive surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation, PELD technique should be recommended except for some special cases. For a good surgeon of minimally invasive spine technique, he should not only understand and master new techniques of minimally invasive spinal surgery, but also the proper selection and application to achieve a multiplier effect. In the choosing of PELD or MED technique, every surgeon should make decision based on the technical level and the condition of medical equipments in the hospital. The most common risk factors of PELD are postoperative intervertebral infection, nerve root injury, dural tear, spinal bleeding and scar adhesions. Although these complications may occur in any spinal surgery, but the occurrence rate of these complications in PELD is the lowest comparing with other minimally invasive spine techniques