The bone and joint diseases are very common, have chronic, recurrent characteristics and often lead to discomfort and disability in China. These diseases affect human health seriously. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. They may be related with genetic, environmental factors and autoimmune reaction. Rehabilitation exercise, health education, medical treatment and operation are the main methods in the treatment of the diseases. The expected benefits of the treatment are pain relief, improvement or prevention of further deterioration, and prevention of deformity. The types of treatments are different for various diseases. Short-term or long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can relive the pain of bone and joint. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are selected in the first-line treatment as soon as possible in rheumatoid arthritis, and seronegative spondylo-arthropathies can be treated with SASP and symptoms of some patients are relieved. Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease have fostered the development of new therapeutics (biological drugs such as TNF-α inhibitors and rituximab), with improved outcomes. However, operation for advanced stage or medicine ineffective patients is also very important. Rheumatology is very young in China, which is still facing the lack of the rheumatology physician after more than 20 years’ development. The cooperation of surgeons and rheumatology physicians is very important, but it has not been recognized and emphasized so far. We should pay more attention to the cooperation in the clinical work in the future.