In this review, we have been elected to include reviews on the following points. a: The current status of primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Total joint arthroplasty volume is projected to continue increasing during the past several years in China. The most commonly used combination for THA was metal-on-polyethylene. However, the number of the choices of a hard-on-hard, metal-on-metal or ceramic-on-ceramic bearing was increasing. The majority of the hard-on-hard bearing surface was used in younger patients. Hip resurfacing arthroplasty also has gained popularity as an alternative to conventional THA in selected patients. In TKA, the posteriorly stabilized implants was the most commonly used prosthesis in China. High-flexion and mobile bearing designs were also used during the past several years. b: The current status of hip and knee revision surgery. Most causes of hip revision in China were infection, instability, and loosening. For knee revision, the most common cause was infection. Revision surgeries are usually performed in large, teaching hospitals in big cities. Two-stage revision was the main strategy for revision joint arthroplasty. c: The current status of minimally invasive surgery and navigation surgery. Minimally invasive surgery and navigation assisted arthroplasty were also performed in some teaching hospitals in China. The short-term results were better, however, the follow-up was still needed for mid to long-term effect. d: The current status of pain management and prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Over the last decade, perioperative protocols have emerged to reduce postoperative pain and to improve early function. These protocols have included preemptive pain management, intraoperative medications, periarticular injections, and postoperative avoidance of parenteral narcotics. Venous thromboembolism is a severe complication. The most preferred recommendation, by the Chinese Orthopaedic Association (COA), is considered as a practice guideline for the venous thromboembolism after joint arthroplasty. Pain management prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism strategies were accepted by more and more joint surgeons after total joint arthroplasty in China. e: Current complications and treatment. The most common complications after the hip and knee arthroplasty were periprosthetic infection, venous thromboebolic disease, osteolysis and the prosthesis loosening, dislocation and periprosthetic femoral fracture. f: Future strategy in hip and knee arthroplasty in China. In the future, we need to do our best to improve the overall techniques and practice management strategies in the joint arthroplasty, to improve the joint function and patients’ satisfaction, and to decrease the occurence of complications in China. We also need to set up the Chinese Follow-up Registery System to observe mid to long-term results of joint arthroplasty. The cooperation between medical staff and engineers will help to develop and design new Chinese prostheses. Underneath such endeavors are the knowledge and understanding of the true and best practice, outcomes, complications, and cost-effectiveness.