In the 1950s, operation was introduced to treat osteosarcoma in China which could be seen as the beginning of the treatment of osteosarcoma. In 1970’s, Jaffe began to use high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin (MTX-CF) in the treatment of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma, marking the beginning of adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma. Since then, Rosen designed a preoperative chemotherapy which was considered as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. China developed a suitable chemotherapy for osteosarcoma in 1980’s. Therefore, the chemotherapy for osteosarcoma in China kept pace with the world. In the past 30 years, with hard work of several generations, the 5-year survival rate and limb salvage rate of osteosarcoma patients in China increased gradually, with international standards of academic development. In 2010, 4 American academic authorities released a report that the incidence and mortality of cancer, particularly tumors in children, have declined in recent years in the states. Bottlenecks existed in the progress of osteosarcoma in China, such as the unbalanced regional development, the lack of unified standard in the treatment of osteosarcoma and the lack of professionals. We recognized our shortcomings and improved them continuously. Conventional cytotoxic regents for osteosarcoma develop very slowly recently, but a variety of molecular targeted therapies worked in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcoma, demonstrating a certain prospect in the future. As our motherland continues thriving, the treatment of osteosarcoma in China will develop rapidly, which would allow to benefit osteosarcoma patients in China.