林昊 张余 李国安

中文摘要:
      膝关节是人体最大、解剖最复杂、对运动要求最高的关节之一。全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty, TKA)在全世界每年以高于10%的比例增长。TKA是在全髋关节置换术的基础上发展起来的，经过近30的发展，取得了很大进展。本文对近年来假体类型的演变、假体几何外形与尺寸的研究，以及膝关节生物力学方面取得的突破进行了阐述；对目前TKA中存在争议的问题进行了讨论；并结合目前最新发展的技术，对TKA未来发展的方向进行了展望和预测。
英文摘要:
      Knee joint is the largest joint in human body, with the most complex anatomy and the highest demand on motor function. The number of patients who receive the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) grows at the rate of over 10% annually around the world. TKA was developed from total hip arthroplasty, and has been developed rapidly during the thirty years' development. In this paper, evolution of prosthesis types, geometric shape and size of prosthesis and breakthrough in biomechanics of knee joint were reviewed; controversial issues in contemporary TKA studies were discussed; and the development of TKA in future was forecasted.